Note An exploded source tree is not required to build kernel modules against the currently in-use kernel. For example, to build the foo.ko module, create the following file (named Makefile) in the directory containing the foo.c file: obj-m := foo.o KDIR := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build PWD := $(shell pwd) default: $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) SUBDIRS=$(PWD) modules