If you build TAO-ACE by gcc 3.4.x, it is likely that cfS_T.h is generated incorrectly. You need to run "fix" to fix cfS_T.h. Basically, we need to include these header files in cfS_T.h #include "cfC.h" #include "tao/PortableServer/PortableServer.h" and this line after "namespace POA_CF" using namespace CF; --Tuan Pham