#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <limits>

namespace ralph{
	
	class scanner{
		std::istream &in;
		
	public:
		explicit scanner(std::istream &in)
		:in(in){
		}
		
		template <typename T>
		T read(){
			T data;
			in>>data;
			return data;
		}

		template<>
		std::string read<std::string>(){
			std::string str;
			std::getline(in, str);
			return str;
		}
	};

};