Let Y = X union {u,v} . The image of F restricted to Y^2 contians n, so it remains only to show that F restricted to Y^2 is injective. Y^2 = X ^2 union X x { u } union X x {v} union {u} x X union {v} x X union {u,v}^2. F is injective on each of the pair-wise disjoint parts of Y^2 unioned, so it will suffice to show that the images of F on each of these are pair-wise disjoint. if s is in the image of F on X^2, |s - 0| < 3 N. if s is in the image of F on X x { u }, |s - 2u| < N. if s is in the image of F on X x { v}, |s - 2v| < N. if s is in the image of F on {u} x X, |s - u| < 2 N. if s is in the image of F on {v} x X, |s - v| < 2 N. if s is in the image of F on {u,v}^2, s is in { 3 u, 3 v, u + 2 v, v + 2 u }. The fact that numbers 0, 2u, 2v, u, v, 3u, 3v, are all spaced at least 10 N apart shows that the images of F on X^2, Xx{u}, Xx{v}, {u}xX, {v}xX, and the set {3 u, 3 v}, are all pair-wise disjoint. Let A be the union of these, i.e. A = image F on X^2 union image F on Xx{u} ... union {3 u, 3 v} It remains to show that { u + 2 v, v + 2 u } is disjoint from A. We had u + 2 v = n by construction. |n - 0| < N gives |u + 2 v - 0 | < N, and by assumption n was not im the image of F on X^2, so u + 2 v is not in A. Let s = v + 2 u. Then s - (-3v) = 2 u + 4 v = 2 n, so that | s - (- 3v)| = | 2 n | < 2 N | u + 2 v | < N gives |3/2 u - ( -3v )| < 3/2 N Combining, |s - 3/2 u| < 3/2 N + 2 N < 4 N But 3/2 u is at least 5 N distant from 0, u, v, 2 u, 2 v, 3 u, and 3 v, so that s cannot be in A, and cannot be u + 2 v = n. This completes proof of the Lemma. ************************ To prove the claim, let Kn be an enumeration of the integers. There exists a sequence of sets Bn having the properties 1) Bn+1 contains Bn 2) F is injective on Bn^2 3) The image of F on Bn^2 contains Kj for all j <= n For let B1 be the set { 0, K1 }. Given Bn, if Bn already contains Kn+1 let Bn+1 = Bn. Ohterwise, by the Lemma there exists Bn+1 containing Bn such that F is injective on Bn+1^2 and the image of F on Bn+1^2 contains Kn+1. Now let X be the union of all of the Bn. Any two elements of X^2 are both contained in Bn^2 for some n, thus F is injective on X^2. Given any integer, there is some Kn equal to it, which is then in the image of F on Bn^2, and so in the image of F on X^2, making F surjective onto the integers. This completes the proof of the claim.