12a. 0.417mg 13a. 0.283mg 14. 9.85 x 10^-5 mg 15b. 39.1 days 16. 6.2 days 17. 0.97:1 (wtf how did i even get this) 18a. 317.6 years 18b. 1694 19. 4710 years 20. 6.71 x 10^9 years