#include <iostream>

template <unsigned long N> struct bit;

template <>
struct bit<0>
{
    static unsigned const value = 0;
};

template <>
struct bit<1>
{
    static unsigned const value = 1;
};

template <unsigned long N>
struct binary
{
    static unsigned const value
        = binary<N/10>::value * 2
            + bit<N%10>::value;
};

template <>
struct binary<0>
{
    static unsigned const value = 0;
};

int main()
{
    std::cout << binary<0>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << binary<1>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << binary<10>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << binary<11>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << binary<100>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << binary<102>::value << std::endl;
    while(1);
    return 0;
}