3. It means that the maleness of bacteria was interesting Male in bacteria is one that contains an F+ plasmid. It connects to a F- plasmid and then copies its own chromosomal DNA and drags it to the F- plasmid. F+ plasmid makes a bacteria male, because it gives something to the female, like humans. A lot of times the bacteria moves during the transfer of chromosomal DNA so parts of the plasmid will become diploid. Later, they will merge into one plasmid and become haploid again. With a lot of crossing over going on it becomes a sort of breeding ground for a lot of recombinants. Most F+ plasmids only give the F plasmid to the recipient, so the recipient doesn’t become F+ too. When a F+ has its factor integrated in the chromosomal DNA then the recipient will become F+. This is called an Hfr cell, one with f factor with the DNA. Don’t know part 5 and 6