Evidence that supports evolution:
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1. Fossils
2. Homologous Structures
3. DNA similarities (amino acids, macromolecules)
4. Embryos
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Steps of natural selection:
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1. Overproduction
2. Genetic Variation
3. Struggle to Survive
4. Successful Reproduction
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Steps of speciation:
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1. Separation
2. Adaptation
3. Division
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Rates of evolution:
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1. Punctuated Equilibria
2. Gradualism
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Factors that disrupt equilibrium:
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1. Mutations
2. Migration (gene flow)
3. Random (genetic drift)
4. Artificial/natural selection
5. Sexual Selection
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Sources of variation:
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1. Mutation
2. Diploidy
3. Crossing Over
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Evolution patterns:
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1. Convergent
2. Parallel
3. Divergent
4. Coevolution
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Maintaining distinctions:
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1. Reproductive isolation
2. Offspring die
3. Offspring are sterile
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Reproductive isolation:
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1. Geographical barriers
2. Physical barriers
3. Behavioral barriers