21.1 Page 440 1. Golan Heights- Hilly plateau in Southwest Asia Wadi- Riverbeds that remain Dry Tigris- Ancient river valley civilizations Iraq Euphrates- Ancient River Valleys civilizations Iraq. 2. Jordan- Water from the mountains of Lebanon that flows into the dead sea. Dead Sea- Landlocked Salt Lack that is lowest place on the exposed crust of the earth. 2. Tigris and the Euphrates River are important for trade the greatest deposits of oil can be found in the coast of the Persian gulf 21.2 1. Rub- al Kahali- An empty place in the desert, where temp. reaches 150 degrees on the soil. Oasis- An area in the desert with vegetation. salt flat- Found in Iran and other places where winds evaporate moisture in the soil. 2. Arid and Salt flat deserts are the two types of deserts in the region. The coast lands are heavily populated because they are closest to water, and closest to the ports, which allow them to trade. 3. a. Deserts hinder movement in the region, because deserts are vast and lack roads and other forms of transport. b. Semi-Arid lands still have enough rainfall to support grass. c. Citrus fruits, olives and vegetables can be grown on the coast. The two types of deserts are different, because salt deserts have chemical salts and located in areas such as central Iran, that normal deserts do not. The deserts also have different land texture, temperature, rainfall, altitude and are found in different regions. 22.1 1. Mecca- The Holiest city of Islam Islam- A monotheistic religion based on the teachings of mo hammed Mohamed- The prophet Mohammad, the founder of Islam Mosque- The Temple of Islam. Theocratic- Religious controlled government OPEC- Oil producing countries who control the prices of oil. 2. a. Islam ruled the government and laws and is the major religion. b. The oil found in this region became a major world wide commodity. 3. a. The five pillars of Islam are faith, prayer charity, fasting, and pilgrimage. b.The region of southwest Asia was important for countries such as England and France, who were a major imperialistic power. c. To control world oil prices, is the main purpose of OPEC, but they also regulate production and marketing. 4. The large deposits of oil in the Arabian Peninsula, have moved people to refineries, and made sultans and high positions favourable, and the oil workers, and the countries profit greatly. 22.2 1. Western Wall- An important wall for the Jews Dome of the Rock- Muslim shrine Zionism- The belief to return to the land of the Jews, or the homeland. PLO- The PLO currently wants the land of which is now Israel to be returned to the Palestinians. 2. Dome of the Rock and the Western Wall are important places religious wise in the subregion. Violence and tension between the Jews and Muslims have made it hard to develop this subregion economically. 3. Colonial rule set up violence towards outsiders, due to the problems often correlated with independence from colonial powers, such as poverty, infrastructure and divisions. b. Economic aid had to be given to the refugees. c. Jews and Christians. 4. Israel was given the land that previously belonged to Palestine, and Palestine, fights for it back, and there are problems because Israel is made up of Jews, and Palestine, Muslims. 22.3 1. Kurds- Ethnic group of Muslims Mesopotamia- Fertile crescent of land Sunni- Ethnic Muslims Shiite- Ethnic Muslims Taliban- Radical group who overtook Afghanistan post Soviet era. 2. Oil has caused wars, such as the Iraq War, and feuds between sects. People have been displaced due to wars and revolutions. 3. a. People from the Northeast have more influences from the southwest, because of ethnic and religious diversity. b. The nations in this region have to find a natural resource that is renewable and in high demand. c. The United States overthrew leaders because they were insecure, and believed them to be a threat. e.g Saddam Hussein. 23.1 1. Guest workers- Unskilled workers that fill the regions jobs that are not culturally acceptable to the natives. Stateless nation- A nation of people without a land to legally occupy. Palestinians-- A group of displaced people, who's of their land is occupied by the Israeli's West Bank- A strip of land on the west side of the Jordan River. Gaza Strip - A territory along the Mediterranean Sea NE of the Sinai Peninsula. 2. Some causes of population movement are Political, violence, economic, and religious problems. Stateless nations are nations that do not legally occupy land. 3. a. Some jobs in the Muslim culture are not acceptable, and in turn are filled. b. The Kurds occupy a region of Iraq, but are not recognized. C. Palestinian refugee camps can be found in Lebanon, Jordan Syria and the West Bank.